F552 
.S77 



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(bpyii^litN^ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



The 

Keeper of the Gate 



OR 



The Sleeping Giant of 
IvLike Superior 



^ara ^taffuri 



1903 



Two Coplat R«e«)vfll 

SEP 14 1909 

Copyfijht Entry 

CUASSG a, xxc No 

COPY B. ' 



Copyright, 1903 
A)' g>ara S»laffor& 




(3nv QJ In n ila n ii s 

THIS I I I 1 L ].. l; o I I K IS 
AFFECTUlNATELY DEU RATED 



® 



HE top of Thunder Cape, Lake Superior, when 
seen at a distance presents the outhne of an 
immense reclining" human hgure to which the Indians 
giv'e the name of Nanna-bijou, or the Sleeping Giant. 



l"he Slee])inji (liaiit rests in purple pall, 
With folded arms upon the dusky height. 
Around his feet the breakeis rise and fall, 
While o'er his breast the sea yulls wing their flight. 
The guslv night wind sighs with sobliing sound. 
Singing a requiem tu de])aiting day, 
Darkling are crisp in foam the waves around, 
The lights are twinkling in the distant bay. 



Amid the storm or sunshine calm he lies. 
While ebbs and flows the tide of human life, 
With face intent he looks upon the skies, 
While mankind frets and fumes in wearied strife. 
So rests the eye of faith uns\ver\ ingly. 
On Heaven above amid life's changing sea. 

I. Hkxdersun. 



FOREWORD 

TV ^ ANY years ago the Ojibwa}' Indians told of a 
double-headed key that lay in the nest of 
the Thunder Bird high up on Thunder Cape. 
Years later it has been explained by an Indian 
legend. As you go up the Sault St. Marie River 
there lies before you two of the largest canals in the 
world, one built by the Canadian government 
and the other by the American. Through these 
the big steamer enters Lake Superior, or as the 
Indians call it, " Big Sea Water." In the canal the 
water rises higher and higher until you are level 
with the water of the " Big Kitchigome." As she 
reaches the Golden Gateway the Sleeping Giant 
guards the gate. It is here the words of Hiawatha 
come to the mind of the traveler. 



' Beautiful is the sun, O strangers, 
When you come so far to see us ! 
All our town in peace awaits you, 
All our doors stand open for you ; 
You shall enter all our wigwams. 
For the heart's right hand we give you.' 



Cbc Bleeping Giant g>irrping 

(Staitt 

or Cbe Double- F)eaded Key to Lahe Superior j,f 



ICakr *»u;irrior 



A S you enter Lake Superior the double-headed 
key is explained by the two great canals 
which launch the steamers into the Kitchigome as 
the Indians call it, meaning in English " Big Sea 
Water." After a night and a morning's journey you 
come to the entrance of the harbor of two of the 
most thriving towns in Canada, Port Arthur and 
Fort William. The Marquis of Lome called it 
years ago " The Silver Gateway of Ontario." 
Mount McKay looms up nineteen miles across the 
water like a monitor in the mouth of the harbor. 
Thunder Cape, or the Sleeping Giant, lies in the 
southwest, with the Pie and Welcomes opposite 
making the gateway to the Bay. It is here that 
the legend is told by Shinw-auk: In the seven- 
teenth century a band of Ojibways came up the 
chain of lakes from some distant place in the far 
east. According to tradition the Ojibways sep- 
arated into different bands while the main body 
remained near the Sault St. Marie, at Garden 
River. Shinwauk with his little band settled on 
Isle Royale, while others located along the north 
shore of Lake Superior. The word Ojibway is 
derived from the word " pucker," their moccasins 
were made with such a peculiar pucker in the heel. 
But there is another tale whispered low, that when 
the Ojibways went to battle they were never satis- 
fied until they baked their enemies into a nice 
brown pucker. One morning at early dawn Shin- 
wauk and his tribe on Isle Royale saw the Giant 

9 



iSbp Nanna-bijou co:iie in his snow-white boat made 
Ivrrprr ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^j.j^^ ^^ birds. At the bow of the boat sat 

HI 

Slir Cftufr tilt! Thunder Bird enveloped in a cloud, and the 
fiash of his eye was as hi;htning, and the echo of 
his voice made a roar as of thunder. As the boat 
hay on the surface of the water, the rays of the sun 
reflected tlie most beautiful colors, all rose and 
gold, around the head of the Giant, sending a light 
to the remotest village of the red man. The In- 
dians tell that the (iiant suddenly disappeared and 
that sickness and death came to every wigwam on 
the Island until one morning he appeared again 
bringing with him iiis grandmother, old Nikomos. 
( )ld Nikomos busied herself painting the plumage 
of the birds afresh each spring and making the 
eyes of the aged Ojibways sun clear. The (xiant 
also brought four brothers with him. who took 
charge of the boat. Their names were Wabin ; 
Kabin ; Kabikomk. the North Wind ; and Shadwana. 
the South Wind. Mere at Isle Royale the (iiant 
guarded the bav and after putting the band under 
oath to keep the secret, he showed them an under- 
ground passageway that led from Silver Islet out on 
the highest cliff of Thunder Cape. The key of 
this door had two heads and lay in the nest of the 
Thunder Bird. At the mouth of an old mine on 
Isle Royale can be seen today a rock of ore. weigh- 
ing over a ton, which shows a process of mining the 
metal which is now a lost art. It is also said that 
.spades and sliovels of an enormous size ha\e been 
taken out of this mine that only a race of giants 
could have used. Mere the Indians made idols 
which they carried with them when making war 



upon neighboring tribes and showed such weakh g>lrr;ititri 

that the Sioux and Irocjuois became jealous. Shin- ^'''*" 

of 
wauk had a beautiful daughter who was named ^^ht g'uucrior 

Woo. Her godfather being Nisha-Nahma, King 

of the Fishes, gave her power at her birth over all 

living things under water. Woo was beloved by 

all the tribe and when she walked in the woods 

the l)irds would nestle in her hair and bosom. 

When the Indians wished the hsh to deposit their 

spawn up stream. Woo would wa\-e a branch of the 

red maple over the water, seriding the fish where 

she willed. Atatharho, a bad Sioux, had long 

watched the tribe and wanted to find out ^vhere 




Foi.t 111 the Ci.im 

they procured their wealth. Seeing the ()jibwa)s 
braves assemble at one place near the Cape, he 
concealed himself by crawling into a birch bark 
log and listened. Se\eral Indians came and 
seated thenrselves upon the log, making Atatharho's 
teeth chatter in his head with fear. Finally he 
reco\ered enough to hear each brave gi\e the sign 
word '■ Shuniah,"' meaning in Fnglish, siher. Then 
he heard the Giant say: '-If this secret is e\er 
given to a pale face it means death to all the tribe." 
Atatharho waited until the band had gone; then he 



Shr sped like an arrow out of a bow; got into his 

^"^'" canoe and paddled towards the Sault St. Marie. 
of 
SllfOJatr He would tell his tribe, he thought, but at the 

entrance to Lake Superior he met two white hunt- 
ers. " Here," he thought, " is my revenge. 1 will 
tell the pale faces the sign word and the (iiant will 
think the Ojibways are false, and will be revenged 
upon them," and he hugged himself with delight. 
The two white hunters were pleased to find a real 
silver mountain and readily pushed their boat 
towards the Cape. Atatharho, after pointing the 
way to the Cape, paddled his canoe to the River 
Kaministica, thinking he could safely there watch 
the fury of the Thunder Bird. The white hunters 
were seen to push their boat upon the shore. 
Agates and precious stones ghttered in the sunlight. 
They climbed higher and higher until every vestige 
of their forms passed into gloom. The sun peeped 
over the Cape and hung one glow of rose and gold, 
white fleecy clouds mounted high in the heavens. 
The hunters took this as a good omen and laughed 
the Thunder Bird to scorn. Just then a shadow 
of the Cape loomed against the sky, suddenly it 
became dark as night, the water that had been so 
calm a moment before was now white as foam. 
The wind became a hurricane, then a cyclone, the 
ancient crags crashed down the heights as each 
breaking wave screamed in triumph and bounded 
back again. The trees became uprooted, and 
hurling into space, shot down the mountain side 
like spears. The waters circled and swirled like 
monsters against the rocks. Lightning glared and 
wild shrieks came from the gloom. How long 



the tempest lasted the Indians never knew. They S'lrppingi 

sav about the fourth day thev found themselves '^" 

upon their knees praying to the (ireat Manitou to jQai^p g-uprrtor 

save them. No camp hres could be seen, many 

lodges were empt\-, the Cape still roared by day 

and lightning glared by night, and the cliffs echoed 

back the roars of the thunder that shook the 

Island. On the fourth day they saw a small boat 

drifting in the weeds at the mouth of the River 

Kaministica. The ciiief sent two braves to bring 

it to Isle Royale. When they reached the place 

tliey found Atatharho, the Sioux, lying in the 

bottom of the boat. His hair was white as snow 

and all scathed with tire, the death shadows were 

upon his face, the sunlight shone in the dim eyes, 

his voice was weak. He had changed from youth 

to old age. In his delirium he raved: "The 

mountain is in Hames ; the rocks are shaken ; I 

have ruined the world." Then he lay dead on the 

banks of the Kaministica. The storm was over 

and the bay flushed with rose and white as the 

sun went down, all the air was filled with light, 

and as the Indians looked towards the Cape, a vast 

change had come, the upheaval had made the 

Cape into the shape of the " Sleeping (liant," 

lying with his face to the sky like a migiity hero 

on his tomb. They buried Atatharho on the 

banks of the Kaministica, where a lonely grave 

can be seen today. 1 )own at Sault St. Marie, 

where Woo stood waving the hsh up stream, had 

changed from quiet water into the well known 

Sault Rapids. Nanna-Bijou reclines upon his 

fleecy couch, and before a storm drift great shafts and 



ullip pinnacles of flame and black clouds with terrible 
ppprr j:^,,.y^ making it a sight never to be forgotten. The 
ebp Q*atp storms used to be more frequent, and now, when 
the children are playing in the streets of the two 
beautiful little towns which are built upon the 
shore, they will run in, frightened, for the thunder 
roars and the lightning answers back while the sun 
shines brightly in the heavens. The Indians say 
" Nanna-bijou is angry," but he lies with his face 
upturned to the west, wrapped in the most gorgeous 
colors the sun can produce. 



Cbundcr Cape 

'Tis the voice of the (iianc who guards the Bay. 

Oh, white-winged ship, make no delay, 

For the war birds of heaven are loose " he cries, 

I know their breath in the burning skies, 

With folded arms so mighty and strong." 

The waves do his bidding a::d dash along, 

But hark, to the crashing long and loud. 

It is the chariot of God in the thundercloud. 




(6 taut 

of 

Siakp g»upfrixir 



Silver Islet lies in the gateway of tlie Bay." 



Silver lolct 

CILVER ISLET lies in tiie gateway of the Bay 
as you enter the harbor of Port Artluir and 
Fort William on the north shore of Lake Superior. 
(Outside of this beautiful Silver Lslet is a bar of 
land, and upon it was sunk the Silver Islet Mine, 
which is said to have an underground passageway 
to the Cape. The ( )jibways tell that the Giant 
came in the seventeenth century to guard the Silver 
Mountain as the secret had been given to a white 
man. Many were the storms that came to Lake 
Superior, thunder and lightning seemed to be e\er 
pouring forth, and great angry clouds trailed 
around the (liant as he lay there in state. Tlie 
Indians say as they paddle tiieir canoe across the 
lake, " Nanna-bijou is angry tonight." It is evening 
and a storm is coming over the Bay, the sea gulls 
are screaming close to the shore, the night is cold 
and gloomy. It is autumn and two people stand 
clasped together in the lighthouse gazing at the 
lake, for it is time the government steamer siiould 
be here. It is the last trip of the season and these 
people are waiting for their winter supplies. They 
have siiiiied a contract to guard the mine and look 



JThp after the lighthouse until spring. The wind is 
^' ^ risins: hiirher and higher and the house dog howls 
Hbr (Satr dismally. When midnight comes, the wind has 
become a tempest, the waves dash higher against 
the rocks, and the two watchers, being exhausted, 
have gone to sleep. Morning breaks, and when 
they awake, pieces of wreckage come ashore, and 
well they know the steamer, with their winter sup- 
plies, has gone down. How will they get through 
the winter? The days go by, and Christmas Day 
they talk of their old home in England and say 
" What are they doing ? Do they think of us ? " And 
Albert sings in his fine barytone voice, " Heart of 
my Heart " and "I'll be True to Poll." The days 
become colder and colder, now and then a Hock of 
snow birds come to the lighthouse. Each day 
they count up their supplies, and scant they are. 
Across the Bay for miles nothing is to be seen but 
white snow, miles of a white world ; the snow is 
piled over everything, cold, hard, and impassible. 
The last few nights an owl has disturbed them, 
sending a chill into the heart of the wife with its 
mournful hooting. It will not go away, and one 
morning Albert finds it at the door huddled up in a 
white ball, and, offering it food, it will not eat. Jean 
is feeling more lonely than usual one night, when 
Albert said" I will sing you something, wife," and 
he sang some of his old English songs, which 
seemed to cheer her. The next morning he com- 
plains of his head, and Jean gives him a simple 
medicine she possessed, but each day he becomes 
worse, until delirium clouds his brain altogether. 
He cries: "Jean, where are the candles? Eight 

i6 



*: 



them, dear wife, make a bright light, let no ship go g>ippptng 
down," then he sinks into an unconscious state ®'a«t 
from which he never awakens. For days she 



iCakr g>upprtor 



kneels beside him until the thought comes, '• I must 
bury him. Oh, what a hard, white world ; the earth 
cannot be broken, but he will not decay." Then 
she makes a couch in the woodshed, and there she 
half drags and half carries him. She knows no 
time until one morning she becomes aware there 
is little food in the house. Sitting in the twilight 
thinking of her dead husband she seems to see him 
before her. He says: "Jean, take some of your 
beautiful, black hair and make snares; the rabbits 
are plentiful." Then the next evening he says: 
" Make a line for mv old Hshing rod, go to the 
little river near the bar and see if you can catch 
some fish." 'I'hus each evening he came and 
talked to her. In the mornings she will go around 
and see if her snares have caui^ht anvthing, and 




many times they are full. When the signs of 
warmer weather comes she fishes in the river that 
lies on the top of the mountain, and here, strange 



SIlP to 'say, the fish have no eyes. In the pool near the 

iKrrprr ^^^ ^j^^ catches two kinds of fish, one with a 
of 
jjjhp (gatP straight tail, while, the other has a nick in the tail. 

That evening her dead husband tells her that the 
King of the Fishes, having sold himself to the devil. 
ran away, and the devil, overtaking him, caught a 
small piece out of his tail. Summer is now coming, 
birds of all kinds are singing around the lighthouse, 
and navigation will soon be open. One morning 
in the early spring a steamer passes the island, a 
small boat can be seen rowing quickly to shore. 
It is the manager of the mine, but when he goes up 
to the little home in the lighthouse and sees the 
poor creature with her dead lying in the woodshed, 
his heart fails him, for reason has fled. The lovely 
eyes look into vacancy, gold and silver are dross to 
her. She is brought to the nearest town, and from 
there to an asylum where she talks in low whispers, 
saying: "Hear the birds beating their wings upon 
the light house. What a strange cry that bivd has. 
She must be looking for her mate." Then again, 
'' How cold the earth is, and that dreary white lake. 
Oh, see their eyes." The Silver Islet Mine is still 
water logged and cannot be worked. It is twenty- 
nine years since ihe new caretaker came, his large 
family are grown up into young men and women. 
He can be seen driving over the ice in the winter 
to the nearest town. Many boats come into the 
harbor now and there is no fear of star\ation. 
The Indians say the Sleeping (]iant will not allow 
a white man to reach the Silver Mountain. ( )n the 
Island the many buildings are crumbling to the 
"round, one immense old storehouse still stands 



intact. Through the summer, campers visit the S'lrrpiitg 

spot, but they are not alloweti to go into the mine, j^" 

The caretaker says the mine will be opened some ^^^p ^uppriar 

day. 




A protege of tlie Hudson I'.ay Comiiaiiy. 



iKrrprr 
of 



^m^^Hf >||^Hj 


1 ^ 


Bi^ 


^ J 



" It was evening and the sun had descended below the water. 



pic Island 

or Cbe Olbtte Mans foot 

TT was evening, the sun had descended below the 
water, the waves were crimson as blood, and 
the air was filled with a glorious light as the 
shadow of night fell, and the Evening Star hung 
suspended over Pie Island. Here the Ojibways 
tribe lived, and Chief Shinwauk had four comely 
daughters. Nabusa, the youngest, was small of 
stature, and the fairest of them all. She was a 
silent dreamy maiden, and the King of the Fishes, 
Nisha-Nama, had, at her birth, given her power 
over all things under water. Standing at the 
shore she heard the voice of the Great Spirit say- 
ing : " I send you my Son of the Evening Star, he 
is the star of woman, he has great tenderness in his 
bosom and mystery in his being." Suddenly the 
oak trees began to tremble and the wigwams to 
sway through the air, and the Evening Star lighted 
soft as a snowHake. There at the foot of an oak 
tree sat a young man, white and beautiful. Xabusa 
loved him at once and her voice trembled as she 
whispered welcome. The three sisters came up 



with their warrior husbands, and seeing Nabiisa Silrr;!!!!!! 

with her arms around the vouno- white man, tliev 

^ of 

began to taunt and mal-;e fun of their sister. As ?raiu' g'uprrtnr 
thev went through the forest the sisters laughed all 
the more. \\'hen night fell and the camp tires 
were lighted the young man told the Indians where 
he had come from. He said " I have seen a water 
bigger than this (Big Sea Water), broader than 
the Kitchigome, and so bitter none could drmk it." 
" Kaw," they said, " We do not believe it." " Yes," 
said the white man, " through this water came a boat 
with wings, fiying bigger than those pine trees, ves, 
taller than those tall tree tops." The old men and 
women of the tribe tittered at each other and said 
" Kaw ; we don't believe it." "Through its moutfi," he 
said. " there came lightning and Annemeekee (thun- 
der)." " Kaw," they said, " what lying tales you tell 
us." "And these great boats with wings were guided 
by white men with hair on their chins and faces." 
" Kaw," they said, " We don't believe it." Only Na- 
busa did not laugh. She believed it and said, " I 
have had a vision, I saw it." The young white man 
said, " I have seen them and the\" are coming from 
the region of the morning and many people are on 
these wooden vessels. Kitchee Manitou, the 
mighty, sends them upon his errand and beneath 
their footsteps springs a Hower unknown to us, a 
flower called the White Man's Foot." Nabusa's 
sisters grew angry and called upon their husbands 
and tlie rest of the tribe to kill this man for he had 
poisoned the mind of their sister. They called 
upon Waban. the magician, to send up a dense 
smoke so that they would not know where to go. 
23 



ull]p Arrows were hurled at the young white man who 
iKi-rprr \^q\^ Nabusa in his arms, both were pierced to 
Shp (Satp ^^^ heart, and when their blood fell upon the island 
they felt themselves ascending, held by some 
unseen power, but rising higher and higher until, 
when the lovers looked down, the three sisters were 
changed into the Welcome Islands, while the one 
they had left slowly assumed the shape of a round 
English pie, and over the island bloomed and 
blossomed a flower called the White Man's Foot. 
Here, on pleasant nights in summer, when the 
Evening Star is shining, the spirit of Nabusa 
and the young white man walk together. The 
Evening Star looks down and sees the westward 
march of the unknown crowded nations, speaking 
many tongues, yet feeling but one heart beat in 
their bosoms. Over all their lakes and rivers rush 
great boats steaming thunder. Then a darker 
vision comes and it beholds the Indian nation 
scattered, weakened, and warring witli each other, 
while the North \^'ind, Keewadin, whispers througli 
the leaves of autumn ever westward, ever westward ! 







(Slant 
of 



Mount McKav stands tliousands of feet above the level of the lake." 



Legend of jMount jVIcKay 

/^N the north shores of Lake Superior, where 
the River Kaniinistica, with its many turns, 
runs tliousands of miles through the lovely woods 
into the big Kitchigome, meaning in English •' Big 
Sea Water," or Lake Superior, Mount McKay 
stands thousands of feet above the level of the 
lake as if keeping guard at the mouth of the river. 
Perched on the side of the mountain, overlooking 
the river, is an old Jesuit chapel built by the first 
black-robed priests who came to this country. This 
chapel was a peace offering' to the Great Manitou, 
for on this spot a tragedy was enacted, and ever 
since the Indians go once a year to pray for an 
abundant harvest and forgiveness for their sins. 
At the time of the tragedy it was autumn, and the 
fields were ripening with golden grain, and all the 



®lip tribes were at peace with one another for all the 

t...rpp fijffeient tribes had come and smoked the old 
of 
ilhr (Satr peace pipe. It was made of red sand stone, the 

stem being adorned with the ( )jibway colors. This 
pipe was tilled with willow bark. At about this 
time of the year, the women of the tribe rose at 
midnight and silently drew a magic circle around 
each held. This, they thought, kept the birds and 
insects away. In spite of all these precautions, 
one morning the fields were torn up and destroyed 
as if by malicious human hands. The magic 
circle was stamped out of existence and the ground 
upturned as if by a cyclone. The little band rose 
one morning at daybreak and soon the rush of 
wings in the pine trees showed Kagahgee, the 
King of the Ravens, with an army of blackbirds, 
crows, and jays, all cawing and making a tremen- 
dous noise. The tribe, with Chief Bukuginee, said. 
'• We will give them a lesson they will never forget." 
Snares were set and the captured had their necks 
wrung and tied to poles, showing the uncaptured 
what had been done. Pole after pole was strung 
with their lifeless bodies, but alas ! the work of 
devastation had been clone. There seemed to be 
millions of birds and little grain to store. The 
winter came earlier than usual, and how cold a 
winter in the north can be! The ice on the rivers 
was thicker than ever known before, it seemed to 
be frozen clear to the bottom of the lake. Snow- 
flakes fell until the face of nature was changed, the 
wigwams were buried under the snow, it was only a 
brave hunter that would come out. and he would 
fasten on his snowshoes and walk over the irreat 



banks of snow through the forest trying to catch a g»lprpniy 

bird, if ever so small. The footprints of the rabbit *'^'" 

of 
or deer would show that the animal was so thin g^ahc S'lr-rrinr 

from hunger that they could hardly make their way 

through the woods. Sometimes they would come 

upon them stiff in death where they had fallen 

from hunger. The women and children were thin 

and gaunt, wasting away with the famine fever. 

All seemed to be famished around them, the sky 

often had a dark, gray, hungry look, and at night, 

as they looked out of their tent door, thev would 

see the eyes of wolves glaring at them. At the 

foot of Mount McKay lived an Indian named 

Nuska, because his ears were knobbed like an 

ear of red corn. He had been a mighty hunter. 

and his daughter Min-o-kee-gee, meaning in English 




Mn,-.,-kLL-<^c, h.caiuii,;; 111 l.ii^:;li>h ■ r.ii,i;lil Skv,' h.ul Itanud to 
trap and snare as well as lier father. " 



Slip •• Bright Sky," had learned to trap and snare as 

'^''^" well as her father. Nuska had been ill. They said 
HI 

<Shr O&atr it was the famine fever. He would come home 
with his hunting bag empty, and then sit in the 
wigwam silent and moody until the younger chil- 
dren were afraid of him. Min-o-kee-gee had tried 
to snare birds and do what she could for her family 
until one day her father's brother Quabeet, named 
because of his likeness to a beaver, came to the 
wigwam and said : '■ Rise up, Nuska, and go to the 
woods and hunt." The Indian rose up and said, 
handing his brother a tomahawk: "Here, kill me 
or 1 will kill you if you do not," and the glare in 
his eyes showed that he meant what he said. It 
was but the work of a moment for Quabeet to draw 
the ax, and a blow upon the head soon ended the 
sufferings of Nuska. He was carried out and laid 
upon a tree in the forest. The family went on 
snaring and trapping what they could catch of the 
hungry animals. Not long afterwards it was seen 
that Quabeet would visit the forest stealthily, then 
come home moody and silent. It was the custom 
of the Ojibway tribe if the husband died, the 
eldest brother was expected to take care of the 
family, and they now looked to Quabeet to help 
them. Finally the famine became so terrible that 
the children would beg Quabeet to go hunt, and 
for answer he said: "(io eat of the beast in the 
forest." That evening they followed him and saw 
that the body of their father had been taken out of 
the tree and parts had been cut away. A lire had 
been kindled and buttons off the clothing lay upon 
the ground. The Chief believed that Quabeet 
28 



had eaten his brother and become crazy. The g-Urptng 
next day, Quabeet came to Min-o-kee-gee and said : 



of 



" You saw me kill your father, and now you must ?Xahr g>uprrtnr 
kill me in the same way or I cannot go to the 
happy hunting ground." She had heard the con- 
versation between her father and his brother which 
ended in her father's life being taken, and she 
accepted it as her right. She knew no wrong 
when she took the ax and gave him one strong 
blow, severing his head from his body. The next 
morning there was nothing to eat in the house and 
her mother and the children were still asleep. She 
did not awaken them. She grasped the fatal ax 




Min-o-kee-gce. 
" She grasped the fatal ax and started for the head of the lake." 

and started for the head of the lake. Here the 
forest was roofed with ice, and snow hung on all 

^9 



cbr the branches. She strapped her snowshoes on 
'^'''■"'- tighter and sprang over the treacherous ice. As 
Sl)p (Satp she paused to listen she could hear the howling of 
wolves and the waving of the great pine trees. 
She chose a spot upon the ice she thought was 
thinner than any she had passed over. Then she 
halted, and wielding the ax with her young strong 
arms until, joy ! water could be seen. It was but 
the work of a moment for the girl to pull down her 
legging and cut a slice from the calf of her leg. 
She felt no pain, this was something that had to 
be done, and there was no murmur came from her 
lips as she caught the bleeding piece of Hesh to 
the hook and trolled it down into the icy waters. 
Ah I a tug upon the line, and she pulled a Iiig fish 
out fif the water, soon another and another lay 
quivering upon tlie snow. \\"ith her arms filled, 
and almost fainting, she arri\cd home and laid 
them down at the feet of the starving children. 
Then she turned. Her lover stood beside her. He 
had been awav with the young men of the tribe on 
a hunt. She knew by llic look of his face he had 
seen the bodies of her father and her uncle in the 
forest and her voice was almost a whisper as she 
said : " I killed him as he killed my father." *• Oh. 
mighty Manitou," he screamed, " I will not marry 
you; you would kill me." .\nd he fied through the 
forest. .She sank to the ground with K)s^ of blood, 
a medicine man was brought who gave her a 
magic diink, the trilie came and beat their d;ums 
and shook their rattles, (.h.inted singly and in 
chorus. .\ll this w.is done to iliive the dex'il away, 
but none could help her. ."^lie lav as one in a 



stupor, her lover shook his head, and walked as S'lrrpinij 
one afar off. The medicine man called upon the '"" 
serpents to help him. He said: -'I will get the CaUr Superior 
skin of a hen hawk and a white beaver and blow 
her strong." Ikit still Min-o-kee-gee grew weaker 
and weaker. They all whispered and looked at 
her as if she was a mysterious being. It came 
springtime and the woods had begun to bud and 
blossom with beauty as Min-o-kee-gee lay in the 
doorway of the wigwam. One day she said: "I 
can see something. I see my father and my 
uncle. They are beckoning to me. At the 
mouth of the river near the Sleeping Giant," she 
said, "there seems to be somebody coming in the 
hazy distance." Something loomed high upon the 
water, floating and flying it came nearer and 
nearer. Min-o-kee-gee shaded her eyes with her 
thin brown hand. Was it the \A'hite Goose, \\'awa 
or the Heron. Shuhga, with the water flashing 
from its feathers, or the Pelican, Shada ? It was 
none of these, but a birch-bark canoe rising on 
each wave until could be seen in early morning a 
white faced chief with a black robe, a priest of 
Christ. As he leaped from the canoe all the 
tribe knelt in prayer, and with the gold cross held 
above his head he said : " Peace be with you and 
your people." As the tribe gathered around to 
listen to the words of the priest, he gave to Min-o- 
kee-gee the message of the gospel of peace and 
forgiveness. Min-o-kee-gee lay with the cross upon 
her breast, whispering: " I am going to my people; 
listen to the truth he tells for the Master of Life 
has sent him." The Chief said: •• It is well. ( )h, 



Slir friends, you have come so far to see us and brought 

IKrrprr ^j^^ White Man's Book," and here, as the priest 
nf ... 

Shp (Satp chanted the prayer, the spirit of Min-o-kee-gee had 

fled. High upon the top of Mount McKay was 

built a chapel, and there, once a year, the different 

tribes meet together and pray to the mighty Man- 

itou for a blessing upon the crops and forgiveness 

for the sins of Min-o-kee eee. 




Hi^li iipiiii Mminl McKay was built a chapel 



IS anna-bijou ^irrptng 

(Biant 
nf 

npO the Ojibway Indians, Nanna-bijou is a ^Tgj^p g>uMrrtnr 

ruler and good Spirit, second only to the 
Great Manitou. It is Nanna bijou who teaches 
the squaws how to cook the paws of the great 
Black Bear. These are esteemed a fine deli- 
cacy, but Nanna-bijou informs the squaws they 
must not taste of this dish or they will die. 
When a child is born, if the sun shines all day 
Nanna-bijou has given him a long life; if the 
sun goes out of sight they say Nanna-bijou has 
given him a short life. Camping out one night 
on the banks of the Neebing River, an old Chief 
told this story of Nanna-bijou: 

Nanna-bijou had been fishing on the banks 
of the Kaministiqua, and finding a deep pool 
where the trout lay, he soon had a goodly 
number upon his back. Thinking he would 
climb a tree that hung over the bank, he 
was nearing the top when a large bird 
swooped down upon him making him drop his 
fish. Just then some wolves came along with a 
carcase of a caribou which they had been eat- 
ing, but, seeing the fish, they dropped it and 
greedily ate up the fish. Slipping down the 
trunk of the tree, Nanna-bijou caught up the 
caribou head and, fastening it upon his own 
shoulders, he sprang into his own canoe and 
paddled down stieam. At that moment, a band 
of Indians saw him, and thinking it was a large 
caribou swimming in the lake, they made ready 
to kill him, but Nanna-bijou seeing them take 

33 



QIl|p aim at his head dove under the water while 

t\rrprr ^^fQ head floated down the river. He managed to 
rf ^^ 

aljp (6alr ie;ich the shore without being seen. Here he 

followed a small path through the woods until 

he was met by a young man who was going his 

way. On coming to an old log house. Nanna- 

bijou said, " 1 am going in. but you must stay 

outside until 1 come out." The young man 

stood there, and noticing a knot hole in one of 

the logs, he peeped through and saw Nanna- 

bijou talking to an old man and woman. He 

heard him say to the old man. " Would you 

like to be young again ? " and the old man said. 

" Yes." Here Nanna-bijou opened the o\en door 

and put the old man in, then, turning to the 

old woman, he asked her the same question, and 

she answering in the affirmative, he put her in 

also. Presently, he opened the o\endoor and 

there lay two little piles of white ashes. Taking a 

pile in each hand he blew first one, then the other. 

when immediately there they stood before him 

a young man and a young woman. The Indian 

outside was so frightened that he ran away. 

Not long after the young Indian met an old 

couple who had a great desire to be young 

again and he thought he would like to try the 

experiment. After putting them into a charcoal 

oven and blowing the ashes from his hands. 

just as he had seen Nanna-bijou do. he was 

more than astonished when the ashes fell cold 

and lifeless upon the ground. Soon after, it 

began to be whispered al)out that this young 

man had wilfull}- killed tiiese old people, and 



one morning a great crowd took him to the g>lrpping 

forest where they made such an example of him ' " 

that none have since attempted to do the wonder- ^^ke Bu\setwt 

fill things that have been hiid to the spirit 

of Nanna-bijou. 




Presbyterian C'luircli, Port Arthur 
Rev. S. C. Murray, Pastor 



Cdclcome Islands 

rr-iHE Welcome Islands, or Three Sisters, has 
its legends also, and there are many old 
relics to be fovmd, showing a primitive race of 
people had lived upon these islands. There are 
to be seen today a line of rifle pits running along 
both sides of the little bay or entrance to the 
islands, showing the remains of a deadly war between 
the Sioux and the Ojibways. Once inside the gap, 
vessels are safe from any wind, the east alone 
blowing over the low part of Thunder Cape Pen- 
insula, and this the government has protected by a 
breakwater. The first steamer to enter Thunder 
Bay was the " Julia Palmer," which was hauled 
over the St. Marie's Falls in 1846. She was loaded 
with copper ore for the Montreal Mining Company, 
operating a copper mine on St. Ignace Island, 
Nepigon Bay. After discharging her cargo she 
coasted westward, entering Thunder Bay on Sep- 
tember, 1846. This sununer, a beautiful little pleas- 
ure steamer, called the "Mazeppa," makes two trips 
a day to this island, making it for the first time in 
history an unsealed book to the white man. 



Isle Royalc sirrpiua 

(Siant 
of 

TN the days of La Salle, Isle Royale was called ffickp S'uprrior 

Minong. It is supposed that a race of people 
like the Mound Builders lived upon the Island, 
for there are many traces of their work. It has 
been stated that these people knew how to harden 
the ore. but it is imagination, for their work shows 
it to have been of a very primitive character. They 
seem to have built tires under a vein of native 
copper, and when the rock became heated they 
threw hot water upon it, and by repeating this 
operation they could tear the copper away from 
the rock in smalll pieces. Here lay boundless 
wealth under their eyes, which they were unable to 
cope with. A mass of copper weighing several 
tons was found by a modern mining company, 
showing marks of fire with human hair and charcoal 
under it. A land corporation company, of Liver- 
pool. England, bought many acres of this beautiful 
island and have done a great deal of exploration 
work upon it. Scientists have often tried to arrive 
at a possible dale when these people did their work, 
but there is nothing that would indicate the time 
when the work went on there. This island is one of 
the most beautiful in the northwest. It is wooded 
with fine timber and contains many lakes, streams, 
and beautiful bays. About a dozen lakes are over 
two miles in length, and one seven miles, with small 
islands upon it. The Island itself is forty-five miles 
long and eight miles wide. Some of the rivers are 
practically land-locked, and are havens of refuge to 
the many vessels who wish to take shelter during a 



Sl|p storm. The old Jesuitical legends are still believed 



Krrprr 
of 



bv the Indians, as thev will visit the Island during 



®hp (featr '^he day, but when night comes they speed away to 
an adjoining island and pitch their tent for the 
night. Here it is that forty-two chiefs visited 
La Salle, squatting upon the ground in grand cere- 
monial robes of beaver, wolf, and black squirrel 
skins, and later bartering them for coats, scarlet 
cloth, hatchets, knives, and beads. The bank 
swallows are still to be seen building their homes in 
the banks of the river, and here a beautiful green 
turquoise is to be found, which, when set, makes a 
lovely ornament. According to the Jesuitical 
legends, this Island was thought to be of solid 
copper, and IJenjamin Franklin, on making the 
boundaiy line, included it in the I'nited States 
territoiy, giving Michipocoton to Canada in ex- 
change. Some of these lakes and streams are 
stocked with trout, and a fisherman who knes the 
sport can have no more djlighlful lime than in the 
woods of Isle Roy ale. 




H Summer in tbc Land of Riawatba ^i^pimj 

(Siaul 
of 
(~\V all the trips by land or lake, the trip through lEakp ^uppnor 

the chain of lakes up to Sault St. Marie and 

into the big Lake Superior is the tinest, islands of 

every shape conceivable making a picture never to 

be forgotten. Islands outlined in the waters as if 

in a mirror, some seeming not a stone's throw from 

the steamer's side, while others are composed of 

rock alone, with the trees growing out of the great 

fissures in the rock. As we go along slowly up the 

Sault River an indescribable and mysterious odor 

fills your whole being. I'he atmosphere is laden 

with the scent of clover blossom. We fancy we 

hear the words of Hiawatha, 

•■ Beautiful is tlie sun, (J strangers. 
When you come so far to see us ! 
All our town in peace awaits you, 
All our doors stand open for you ; 
Vou shall enter all our wigwams, 
For the heart's right hand we give you, 
Never was our lake so tranquil. 
Nor so free from rocks and sandbars: 
For our birch canoe in passing 
Has removed both rock and sand bar ! " 

Here, for ten years, as I passed up and down 
these great lakes, has the spirit of Hiawatha come 
to me, but not until this summer did I know that 
for many years the last Chief of the Ojibways, the 
one who gave Longfellow his legend and story for 
Hiawatha, lived and died a few miles away, with 
his band, on the (iarden River Reserve, near 
Sault St. Marie. There nas a time when he 
played an important part in the history of 
Canada. The death of liukjjinene, the last 

39 



Sljr hereditary chief of the Ojibways, which occurred 
iKrrprr |,^ February last, on the Garden River Reserve, 
SljeCSalp li'^^'^ recalled to mind the past glories of the 
tribe. Bukjjinene was eighty-six years old. and was 
a man of remarkable intelligence, with a fine open 
countenance and pleasing manners. He had a 
wonderful memory, and having spent most of his 
time in that region whence Longfellow drew 
his tale of Hiawatha, his mind was stored with 
legends and traditions. Many of the marvellous 
exploits ascribed to Hiawatha were legendary lore 
in the mind of lUikjjinene, w:ho loved to relate 
them in the Ojibway tongue, using many terms and 
phrases exactly as they occurred in Longfellow's 
Hiawatha. It is curious to notice the resem- 
blance of his own name to Puwudjineiness, or 
"little people," in one of Longfellow's legends. 
Shinwauk, the father of Bukjjinene, had been a 
mighty man in battle, when, on one of his ex- 
peditions to the Hudson Bay Trading Post, in 
1812, he learned of the war between the Ameri- 
cans and the British. He hurried back to the 
tribe, called his young braves together, and soon 
a fleet of canoes went humming down to Niagara. 
At the Battle of Queenston Heights the Ojibways 
fought bravely and well, with a small force 
under General Brock. .Shinwauk returned to his 
huntine: ground and afterwards the tribe settled 
upon the Garden River Reserve, near the Sault. 
Here he never tired recounting deeds of the 
war with the '■ Keche IMookoomaun." He com- 
posed a song to celebrate his victory which is 
still sung in the tribe. The refrain is supposed 



to be a lament and runs •'Sixty of our strong- S'lrr^iiny 
men slain." For his loyalty, Shinwauk received 
a silver medal from King (ieorge III, which he Cakr S'ltprriur 
preser\ed with the greatest pride until his death, 
when it passed into the equally proud keeping 
of his son and successor to the chieftainship 
Bukjjinene. Bukjjinene visited i^urope with the 
Rev. F. F. Wilson and was presented to the 
Prince of Wales and was joined to his suite 
in a grand function. When the Prince of Wales 
visited Canada, in iS6o, he added another medal 
to the one llukjjinene had iniicrited from .Shin- 
wauk. The Indian chief, with his native child- 
like spirit, "fresh with the odors of the forest, 
with the dew and damp of meadows", with 
the curling smoke of wigwams, attracted much 
attention in Furope. Some things impressed 
him there. The rich were too rich and the poor 
were too poor. He was content to live in his 
cabin and was married to the wife of his choice 
by the Christian Minister. There he lived, cul- 
tivating his garden in summer, making sugar 
from the maple trees in the spring, and trap- 
ping the otter and chasing the moose through the 
snows of winter, while his wife plaited mats of 
rushes, gathered blackberries, and cooked his hsh 
and game quietly at home. Feeling his health 
fail him, he wished to see Longfellow again, 
thinking it might benefit his tribe. He had 
been invited to pay a visit to IJoston but felt too 
old. After pondering over the matter, he sent 
his grandsons to interview Longfellow. After 
many weeks travel, they arrived in Cambridge, 



Slir and great was their astonishment to hear that 

^^^' Lonfrfellow had been dead since 1882. After 
of '^ 

ell* (Satr leaving a pressing invitation for Longfellow's 
widow and daughter to visit the Garden River 
Reserve they returned home to the disappointed 
old chieftain. He died a few months afterwards, 
in February, 1900, after he and his father. Shin- 
wauk, holding the chieftaincy for more than a 
century. 




Of the race of Kukjjinent-. 




' 1 will go to Miidjekeewis. 
See how fares it witli niy father. 



Riawatba ^irpptng 

(Stant 
of 

A FEW miles from Desbaiats, Kensington Point, ?Cakr 9utirruir 

on the St. Maiy's River, or Paw-wating, as 
the Ojibways still call it, is played each summer the 
annual drama of " Hiawatha "" in this cast. 

Cast 
Hiawatha The Black Robe 

Minnehaha Wabeno 

Pau-Puk-Keewis Kabibonokka 

C'hibiabos Mudjekeewis 

Kwasind Shawondasee 

lagoo Wabun 

Nokomis 'Phe Ancient Arrow-maker 

Snake Dancers, Braves, Squaws. Papooses, etc. 

SCKNK I 

Hn Ojibway Indian Tillage 

A dense smoke is sjen arising from a fire 
lighted by Gitchee Manitou (Good Spirit) as a 
signal to call together all the nations, that they may 
smoke together the pipe of peace, the Pukwana. 

Upon the arrival of the warriors of different 

tribes. 

Wildly glaring at each other, 
In their faces stern defiance. 
In their hearts the feuds of ages — 

The loving Great Spirit says: 

" O my children ! My poor children ! 

Listen to the words of wisdom, 

Listen to the words of warning, 
' From the lips of the Great Spirit, 

From the Master of Life who made you ! 



It 



" I have given you lands to hunt in, 
iCrrprr I have given you streams to fish in, 

uf I have given you bear and bison, 

(Ehr (SalP I have given you trout and beaver, 

Filled the marshes full of wild fowl. 
Filled the river full of fishes ; 
Why then are you not contented ? 
Why then will you hunt each other? 

" I am weary of your quarrels. 
Weary of your wars and bloodsheds, 
Weary of your prayers for vengeance. 
Of your wranglings and dissensions ; 
All your strength is in your union, 
All your danger is in discord. 
Therefore be at peace henceforward, 
And as brothers live together. 

" I will send a prophet to you, 
A deliverer of the nations. 
Who shall guide you, and shall teach you, 
Who shall toil and suffer with you. 
If you listen to his counsels 
You will multiply and prosper; 
If his warnings pass unheeded 
You will fade away and perish ! 

" Bathe now, in the stream before you ; 
Wash the war-paint from your faces. 
Wash the blood-stains from your fingers. 
Take the reeds that grow beside you. 
Deck them with your brightest feathers, 
Smoke the calumet together 
And as brothers live henceforward." 

Here the warriors throw down their garnient.s 
of deer.skin, and their weapons, and rush into the 
river, wash off the war paint, and, sittini:^ in a circle, 
they smoke the Peace Pipe. 

SCENK II 

The wigwam of Nokoniis, grandmother of 
Hiawatha. The baby in a Hnden cradle is being 
rocked by Nokomis. She sings : 



" H\ish, the naked Ijear will get thee ! S'lrrpinn 

Ewa-yea ! My little owlet 1 (Statil 

Who is this, that lights the wigwam, iif 

With his great eyes, lights the wigwam? Siakr S>uprriyr 
ilwa-yea ! My little owlet 1 " 

Scene III 

Nokomis and lagoo teach Hiawatha how to 

shoot. 

Scene IV 

Hiawatha said to old Nokomis: 

"I will go to Mudjekeewis, 
See how fares it with my father, 
At the dooi-ways of the West Wind, 
At the portals of the Sunset ! '" 

Warning, said the old Nokomis : 
" Go not forth, () Hiawatha 
To the kingdom of the West Wind, 
To the realms of Mudjekeewis, 
Test he harm you with his magic, 
Lest he kill you with his cunning." 

Hiawatha meets Mudjekeewis, his father, and 
tries' in vain to kill him for the wrong he has 
done his mother, but Mudjekeewis is immortal, he 
loves his .son. gives him matchless advice about his 
people, tells him to return and share his kingdom, 
and sends him homeward to live among his people, 
the ( )jil3ways, doing good tmtil the return to the 
kingdom of the West Wind. 

With the bitterness of anger gone, and a noble 

resolve in his mind, Hiawatha hastens homeward. 

Only once his pace he slackened, 
( Jnlv once he paused or halted, 
Paused to purchase heads of arrows 
Of the .\ncient Arrow-maker, 
In the hind of the Dacotahs, 
Where the falls of Minnehaha 
Flash and gleam among the oak trees. 
Laugh and leap into the valley. 



(Tljp Upon his arrival. Hiawatha tells his people the 

iCrrppr ^^.Qj-fig ^1-,^^ Mudjekeewis had told him : 
of 
jTi-p (^nig '■ ''O back to youi home and people. 

Live among them, toil among them. 
Cleanse the earth from all that harms it, 
Clear the fishing grounds and rivers, 
Slay all monsters and magicians, 
All the giants, the Wendegoes, 
All the serpents, the Kenabeeks 
As I slew the Mishe-Mokwa, 
Slew the (ireat Bear of the Mountains." 
'•And at last when Death draws near you 
When the awful eyes of Panguk 
Cllare upon you in the darkness 
I will share my kingdom with you ! 
Ruler shall you be thenceforward 1 " 

Hiawatha dwells on this, but his people do not 

understand. 

Scene V 
"Cbc CQooing of Riawatba 

•' As unto the bow the cord is, 
So unto man is woman. 
Though she bends him, she obeys him. 
Though she draws him, yet she follows, 
Useless each without the other ! " 

Said Hiawatha, dreaming still of Minnehaha: 
" Of the lovely laughing water 
In the land of the Dacotahs." 

" Wed a maiden of your people," 
Warning said the old Nokomis ; 

"Co not eastward, go not westward, 
For a stranger whom we know not ! 
Like a fire upon the hearth stone 
Is a neighbor's homely daughter, 
Like the starlight or the moonlight 
Is the handsomest of strangers! " 

And my Hiawatha answers: 
" Dear old Nokomis, 
Vei"y pleasant is the firelight, 
Hut I like the starlight better, 
Better do 1 like the moonlight I" 




At tlie P(,rt,ils .,f the .Suubct.' 



(Iravely tlit-n saitl old Nokomis: g»UT).uurt 

" Dring not hert an idle maiden, OSiaut 

living not here a useless woman, ii{ 

Hands unskillful, feet unwilling, iGaUr i^'uyrriiir 

Uring a wife with nimble lingers. 
Heart and haiul that move together. 
Feet that run cjii willing errands I " 

Smiling, answered Hiawatha : 
" In the land of the Dacotahs, 
Lives the Arrow-maker's daughter, 
Minnehaha, laughing water. 
Handsomest of all the women, 
I will bring her to your wigwam. 
She shall run upon your errands, 
lie your starlight, moonlight, firelight, 
lie the sunlight of my jieople I " 

Still dissuatling, said Nokomis: 
•• Hring not to my lodge a stranger. 
From the land of the Dacotahs! 
Very fierce are the Dacotahs, 
Often is there war between us. 
There are feuds yet unforgotten. 
Wounds that ache and still may o];)en." 

1/aughing, answered Hiawatha: 
" For that reason, if no other. 
Would I wed the fair Dacotah, 
That our tribes might be united, 
That old feuds might be forgotten 
And old wounds be healed forever." 

Hiawatha approaches the \vi^u,wain on his sec- 
ond visit. 

The Arfow-niaker, rising to meet him. says: 
•' Vou are welcome. Hiawatha." 

At the feet of Minnehaha. Hiawatha lays a 
deer, and the maiden 

Looked up fi(mi ln-r mat of rushes 
Said, with gentle look and accent, 
•' \'ou are welcome, Hiawatha;" 
\'es, as in a dream >he listened 
To the woril> of Hiawatha. 
(Slowly) 

5' 



of 
ill|r Oaatr 



Hiawatha says: 

" After many years of warfare, 
Many years of strife and bloodshed, 
There is peace between the Ojibways, 
And the tribe of the Dacotahs ; 
That this peace may last forever; 
And our hands be clasped more closely, 
And our hearts be more united. 
Give me as my wife this maiden, 
Minnehaha, Laughing Water, 
Loveliest of Dacotah women." 



(Pause) 



Arrow-maker 



" Yes, if Minnehaha wishes. 
Let your heart speak, Minnehaha." 

Seating herself beside him, Minnehaha says: 
" I will follow you, mv husband." 

As Hiawatha and Minnehaha leave, the old 
Arrow-maker says, standing in the door of the tent : 




' And she follows wlicre he leads her, 
Leaving all things lor the stranger." 



• Thus it is our daughters lea\e us. 
Those we love and tliose who love us ! 
Just when they have learned to help us. 
When we are old and lean upon them, 
Comes a youth with flaunting feathers, 
With his flute of reeds a stranger 
Wanders piping through the village, 
Beckons to the fairest maiden. 
And she follows where he leads her. 
Leaving all things for the stranger." 



S>lrpptng 

(Stant 

nf 



etc. 



Scene VI 
Cbc CQcdding feast 

Nokomis : 

" O, Pau l^uk-Keewis, 
Dance for us your merry dances, 
Dance the beggar's dance to please us. 
That the feast may be more joyous. 
That the time may pass more gaily 
And our guests be more contented." 

Pau-Puk-Keewis dances. 
Then they said to Chibiabos : 
Chorus : 

" Sing to us, () Chibiabos, 
Songs of love and songs of longing. 
That the feast may be more joyous, 
That the time may pass more gaily, 
And our guests be more contented." 

lagoo's story is here related. Dances, games, 

Scene XU 
Blessing the Cornfields Motidamiti 

Scene \TII 
Gathering the Corn 



Scene IX 
picture CHriting 



Slir Hiawatha 

tKrrprr 



eljr (6atr 



'• l.o, how all things fade and perish I 
From the memorv of the old men, 
Fade away the great traditions," etc. 

Gitcbc Manito 

Mitche Manito, the niit;hty Sipirit of Evil. 
Serpent — crafty, cunning ; and many signs 
drawn on skins and bark. 

Scene X 

Medicine men. Pau-Puk-Keewis and his win- 
nings. " Hark you," shouted Pau-Puk-Keewis, " I 
am tired of all this talking." As a taunt to Hia- 
watha. \A'ith a stealthy step he entered, etc. As 
an insult to Nokomis, as a taiuit to Minnehaha, etc. 
lagoo tells of the himting of Pau-Fuk-Keewis. of his 
death and of his changing into an eagle. 

Here scenes are sometimes introduced that suit 
the locality or the cast in some special way. 

Scene XI 
lagoo tells of the Slbttc Man's foot 

•• lie had seen, he said, a water. 
Bigger than the big sea water. 
Broader than the (litchee Ciuniee, 
Bitter so that none could drink it." 

(Women and men scoff.) 

" Raw," they said, " we don't believe it." 
" O'er it," said he, " o'er this water, 

Came a great canoe with pinions, 

A canoe with wings came flying, 

Bigger than a grove of pine trees, 

Taller than the tallest tree-tops'." 

And the old men and the women 

Looked and tittered at each other, 
•• Kaw ' " thev said, " we don't believe it." 



From its month, ht; said, to gret-t him. 
Came Waywassimo, the lightning, 
Came the thunder. Annemeekeel 
' Kaw I " they said, " what tales you tell us ! 

In the great canoe with pinions 
Came, he said, a hundred warriors ; 
Painted white were all their faces, 
And with hair their chins were covered, 
• Raw ! " etc. 

(Jnly Hiawatha laughed not ; 
' True is all lagoo tells vis, 
I have seen it in a \ision. 
Seen the great canoe with pinions. 
Seen the people with white faces, 
.Seen the coming of this bearded 
People of the wooden vessel. 
From tht regions of the morning. 
From the shining land of \Valnin. 

' Citchie Manito, the .Mighty, 
The Great Spirit, the Creator, 
Sends them hither on I lis errand, 
Sends them to us with His message; 
Wheresoe'er they move, before them 
Swarms the stinging fly, the Ahmo. 
Swarms the bee, the honey-maker ; 
Wheresoe'er they tread, beneath them 
Springs a flower unknown among us, 
.Springs the \\'liite Man's Foot in blcjsson 

■ Let us welcome, then, the strangers. 
Hail them as our friends and brothers. 
And the heart's right hand of friendship 
Give them when they come to see us. 
Gitchie Manito, the Mighty, 
Said this to me in mv vision. 



g'Irp;ititg 

(Siant 

iif 

iCahr *u|jriiur 



' I beheld, too, in that vision, 
All the secrets of the future. 
Of the distant days that shall be ; 
I beheld the westward marches 
( ) f the unknown, crowded natirins; 
All the land was full of people. 
Restless, struggling, toiling, striving. 



jt;1h. Speaking many tongues, yet feeling 

SvrruiT ^^^ o"^ heart-beat in their bosoms; 

jjf In the woodlands rang their axes, 

She (Satp Smoked their towns in all the valleys, 

Over all the lakes and rivers 
Rushed their great canoes of thunder. 

" Then a darker, drearier vision 
Passed before me, vague and cloud-like ; 
I beheld our nations scattered. 
All forgetful of my counsels, 
Weakened, warring with each other; 
Saw the remnants of our people 
Sweeping westward, wild and woful 
Like the cloud-rack of a tempest. 
Like the withered leaves of autumn I " 

Scene XII 

Coming of the Black Robe, in a Canoe, 
with Guides 

Hiawatha says to the missionary and his com- 
panions : 

" Beautiful is the sun, O strangers. 
When you come so far to see us ! 
All our town in peace awaits you, 
All our doors stand open for you ; 
You shall enter all our wigwams. 
For the heart's right hand we give you. 

" Never bloomed the earth so gaily, 
Never shone the sun so brightly. 
As today they shine and blossom. 
When vou come so far to see us ! 

" Never before had our tobacco 
Such a sweet and pleasant flavor. 
Never the broad leaves of our cornfields 
Were so beautiful to look on. 
As they seem to us this morning. 
When you come so far to see us." 

'I'hc missionaiy answers in broken Indian: 

" Peace be with you, Hiawatha, 
Peace be with you and your people, 
Peace of prayer and peace of pardon, 
I'eace of Christ and joy of Mary I" 



All braves, old men. etc.: S>lrrpinij 

(6 taut 



' It is well," they said, " (J brother, 
That vou came so far to see us ! " 



The message of the gospel is then given. 



The chiefs" answer: 

" We have listened to your message, 
We have heard your words of wisdom, 
We will think on what vou tell us ; 
It is well for us, (J brothers, 
That you came so far to see us ! " 



Scene XIII 
Departure 

Hiawatha says adieu to his people in the vil 

lage. and then says to Nokomis and the tribe : 

•• I am going, () Nokomis, 
On a long and distant journey, 
To the portals of the sunset, 
To the regions of the home-wind. 
Of the northwest wind, Keewaydin, 
P>ut these guests I leave behind me. 
In your watch and ward I leave them. 
See that never harm comes near them. 
See that never fear molests them. 
Never danger, nor suspicion. 
Never want of food or shelter. 
In the lodge of Hiawatha. 

" I am going, oh, my jieople, 
< )n a long and distant journey. 
Many moons and many winters, 
\\'U\ have come and will have vanished, 
Ere I come again to see you. 
Hut mv guests I leave behind me, 
Listen to their words of wisdom, 
Listen to the truth they tell you. 
For the Master of Life has sent them. 
From the land of light and morning 1 " 



nf 

iCaUr S'upi'rinr 



iKrrprr 
nf 



( )ii tile shore stood Hiawatha, 
'ruined and waved liis hand at parting. 
< )n the clear and luminous water, 
J^aunched his birch canoe for sailing. 
From the pebbles of the margin, 
Shoved it forth into the water, 
Whispered to it, "Westward, westward. 
And with speed it darted forward. 



And they said, " Farewell for ever," 
Said, " Farewell, O Hiawatha ! " 




" Thus dep.uttd Hiawatha." 

Xotf:. — Miss Alice M. Longfellow, who witnessed the 
play at Desbarats, says : — 

" It possessed an indescribable charm. The spot se- 
lected for the drama could not have been more beautiful or 
more appropiiate. Kensington I'oint, Desbarats, is in the 
very heart of the Ojibway Land, and the legend came from 
there in the long ago. 

'• Mr. Armstrong originated the idea. The drama was 
d'.lightful from beginning to end. It was made up of conse- 
cutive scenes from the poem, and altiiougli a great many of 
the mincjr parts were omitted, the whole legend has been told 
at the conclusion of the jierformance." 



Lahc Superior 

^ I "" 1 1 IS grand reser\oir of the St. Lawrence is 
over 350 miles long by 160 miles in its 
widest part, comprising an area of 32,000 square 
miles. Its greatest depth is 1,200 feet, making its 
bottom 603 feet below, and its surface 597 feet 
abo\e sea level. The chief rix-ers flowing into 
Northern Lake Superior are the Kaministica, the 
Nepigon. the Black Sturgeon, Curient, McKenzie, 
Carp, and many lesser streams, all having their 
origin in the Lleight of Land, or water shed. di\id- 
ing the waters tiowing into Hudson's Bay from 
these of Lake Superior. 



I'pon Lake .Superior's rugged hij). 

Far reaching toward the boundless west, 
ITp borne by storm the white-winged ship. 

Finds a safe haven and a rest. 




Ncpigon River 




NEP100N5 OLORlOliS FISMINQ 




Sej!ING IS B ELIEVING. 



npROUT fishing a- 
lone should draw 
all lovers of sport to 
Nepigon River. The 
size of its fish and the 
exquisite beauty of 
river and lakes are 
memories for life. This 
is the largest and clear- 
est river that enters 
Lake Superior. It is 
forty-three miles long 
and averages 285 feet 
wide and has fifteen 
chutes or falls. Near 
the river mouth is the 
famous Red Rock, sa- 
cred to the Manitou. or 
Great Spirit, and carved 
with symbolic charac- 
ters by early Indians 
who made their calu- 
mets or pipes from it. 
Here also is an old 
post of the Hudson Bay 
Company, and a good 
dock to which \essels 
can run direct from 
any point t)n the great 
lakes and have safe 
harbor, fudge Hamil- 



ton was the first fly fisher on the Nepigon. He dis- g»lrr}jing 

covered a pool where the trout were seen plainly '^" 

ni 

swuiiming and jumping. The guide thought the jGakr Su^irrinr 
place was enchanted as he had never seen fish jump- 
ing in this manner before. The pool was named 
after Judge Hamilton. There is Lake Lomond, on 
the other side of Mount McKay, which holds such 
trout and grouse as would make a sportsman wonder 
how it could be kept quiet and so few know it. 
The trolling for black bass in Loon Lake, and for 
trout, pickerel, and pike in Lake Superior and 
streams in the district is abundant. The Kam- 
inistica River is one of the most beautiful spots 
in Canada, and a never-ending pleasure to the 
tourist. Point DeMeuron, on the banks of the 
Kaministica, is historic ground, for our present 
Lord Milton was born there. Mount McKay, 
with its thousands of feet of cliffs which are mir- 
rored with shrub and blossom in the water below, 
makes a picture never to be forgotten. Port 
Arthur was first called the '• Station." In 1870, 
when General \\'olseley came up the lakes with his 
troops to Manitoba, the soldiers called it the •■ Sta- 
tion," and later it was given the name of ■■ Prince 
Arthur," and in 1S83 the name was changed, to 
please the C. P. R., to Port Arthur. 



iKrr|irr 

uf 

eljr (Satr 



Geographically 

np H F. twin towns, I'orl Arthur and Fort William, 
occupy a unique position. One but needs to 
look at the map of the North American continent 
to pi;rcei\'e the position the)- hold between the 
east and the boundless prairies of the west, the 
"Golden Gateway " to the i^ranaries of the world. 
Port Arthur, with its beautiful building sites and its 
broad harbor, is equalled only by the Bay of Naples, 
while Fort William, situated upon the banks of the 
Kaministica River where it empties into Thunder 
Bay, at the head of Lake Superior, is the center of 
the continent from east to west, being distant 1629 
miles from Halifax, and 1908 miles from Van- 
couver, and is the head of navigation and tinds 
outlet in the Atlantic ()cean. These towns are now 
the greatest grain centers of the world, and the 
millions of bushels of wheat and merchandise 
enroute to the world make them second to none. 




I'ciiit of the Wliitc Man in iI>(k; 



Hs a Rcalth Reeort 

'"P'HERE is no healthier region in the world than 
the north shore of Lake Superior. The air 
is cool and gives to the invalid a tonic effect. In 
winter the snow is like dry powder, and falls from 
the garment dry and crisp. It is the summer air 
that is delightful, never too hot, while the nights 
are one long restful sleep. The lake breezes, with 
the odor of clover in the air, do more for the health 
than all the medicines in the world. I'he many 
excursions to the beautiful islands soothes and 
strengthens the nerves, while there is something 
interesting to be seen in mountain and glen all the 
summer. 



S>lrrtiing 

(giant 

of 

Siakr S»u;iprior 



Should you ask me whence these stories ? 
I should answer, I should tell you, 
From the land of the Ojibways. 




Tlic I )aus()ii Riirtd. 



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Port Arthur, Ont. 





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PROPRIETORS 



68 



Mb $c lEmm? rs0u 



DEALERS IX 



Heavy and Shelt Hardware 
STOVES AND TINWARE 




Contractors' and Mining Supplies 

Mechanics' Fine Tools and 
SPORTING GOODS 



Hot Air, Hot Water and Steam Heating 



PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



Oy 



PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

Master ... CAPTAIN THOMPSON 

Where are you going for your summer va- 
cation ? And how are you going to spend it ? 



There is no more beautiful place in 
the world than the mystical Thunder 
Bay region. Exploring and fish- 
ing parties can charter the Steamer 
" Mazcppa " for an excursion to all 
points on Mount McKay. No more 
delightful trip can be planned than to 
invite your inner circle of friends and 
visit the beautiful islands around the 
bay, for they are teeming with legend 
and story. The ''Mazeppa " will run 
daily to Welcome Islands, and trips 
can be arranged to Carp River, 
McKenzie and Blend River, and up 
the Kaministica River to Pointe 
DeMeuron. The two towns upon , 
the North shore of Lake Superior, 
Port Arthur and Voxi William, hold 
connection with all the world, as 
steamers from all parts touch at their 
docks. The C. P. R. and tlie Cana- 
dian Northern Railroads run in con- 
nection with the boats. 



The Leading- Druggists 



Our stock is the largest in tlie District, 
and comprises everything wliich )'ou 
would expect to find in a \\ell-a})pc)inted 
Pharmacy. 

We would especially call )Our atten- 
tion to our stock of Druoo/s/s' Sun- 
dries — all the leading Perfumes and 
Toilet Articles, Brushes, Combs, Mir- 
rors, Sponges, etc. 

WE ARE HEADQUARTERS EOR 

FISHING TACKLE 

and in our stock of Cigars, Cigarettes 
and Tobaccos, will be found the leading 
Domestic and Imported brands. 



J. W. CROOKS & CO. 

= Druggists = 

Two doors South of Bazaar, PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



m)t ilarks-€laiipt-i0bi? (En. 

L 1 M I T K I) 

PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

New Ontario's Largest Mercantile House 

®l|r iiarka-QIlaitrt-ifllnr (En.. ICtmttrit 
IMPORTERS 

Headquarters for Tourists' Supplies 





w •mSssoG^ ''..jii^' 9'raB 


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B!""!^S 


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P" ^^IBh 


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»fe y^t \fe 

FISHING TACKLE 

and 
CAMP SUPPLIES 
of every description 



rf^ ffK flf\ 



Our stock cnil^races Canoes, Tents, Camp Stoves, and 
everything used in a camp. 

Hr makr a sprrtalttr nf nutftttturj (Eamptug ^arttra 

We gladly accord to tourists information as to tishing streams and 

the many points of interest in this locality, and the 

most direct way of reaching them. 

Sportsmen will find all their requisites in our establishment 



Thunder Bay Harbor 
Improvement Co. 

General Contractors 

g-tramrr " tnrnui" *rlnioitrr " fflnnitnr' 

Pile Driving, Foundation Work and Dock Building. 

Rock, Sand and (!ravel handleil in large- and small cjuantities. 

' Port Arthur, Ont. 



If you want a pretty 

S o 11 V tMi i r of Port Arthur, Canada 

or a nice 

Box of Colonial Chocolates 

or a 

Good Imported or Domestic Cigar 

You can get all at 

J. F. E. BERRY & CO. 

Drug and Stationery Store 

CUMBERLAND STREET 

Port Arthur, Ont. 

A LWAYS IN STOCK a big assortment of Perfumes, Tooth Brushes, Combs 
Sponges, and all toilet articles. 

Remember the place — the Pharmacy across the way from Algoma Hotel. 

73 



W. F. FORTUNE 

(Elnllituri OSntrral jHcrrltant 

PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

Gentlemen's Furnishings, Hats (Groceries, Provisions, Vege- 

aad Caps, Boots, Shoes tables, Hay, Oats, 

and Rubbers Feed, etc. 

LUMBERING AND MINING SUPPLIES 
A SPECIALTY 



LOUIS WALSH COAL CO. 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

Autl|rarttr, iBttitmimius anh #mitl|inij 

(Enal 



Cord Wood Cut Municipal Telephone, 85 

PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



W. C. DALTON 
Iltiiirrtakrr 

Dealer in l''urniture and Office Fittings. Picture Framing a Specialty 
(Uabiurt iHakrr au^ llpliulstrrpr 

TERMS: CORNER 

Cash, or Note for 30 Days Cumberland and Ambrose Streets 

PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

74 



TOURISTS ARE I N V I T 1^: D TO V I S I T 

A. ROSS £^ CO. 

Tlie Cumberland Street Jewelers and ( )pticians 



and look tliroiigli their immense stock of 

Lake Superior Agates 
Amethysts :: Quartz 



and Native Specimens of 
all kinds in the Rough 
and Manufactured Goods 



SOUVENIR SPOONS, BROOCHES, PINS, Etc. 

A visit to A. Ross & Co.'s Store will make Souvenir buying a pleasure 

Fine Watch Repairing a Specialty 

PORT ARTHUR, O N T . 



Established 1S72 

I. L. MATTHEWS £f CO 

Dry Goods, Carpets' and House Furnishings; 
Tents, . Awnings, Blankets, Bedding, 
Mattresses, Iron Beds and Furniture ; Dress 
and Mantle Making on the premises ; Furs 
and Ladies' Ready-to-wear Goods a Specialty. 



I. L. Matthews ^ Co., 

PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



Cor. Cumberland and 
I'aik Streets, 



A. G. SMITH 8z: CO. 

Wholesale Jobbers of 

Foreign and Domestic Fruits and Produce 
PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 




Call and see our new styles 
MONTGOMERY 
is always up-to-date 

W.Y. Montgomery 

'^ Merchant Tailor 
\\ Gents' Furnisher 

Corner Cumberland and Ambrose 
Streets, PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



W. H. HARDY 

Neelin Block 

Dealer in CLOTHING, FURNISHINGS, BOOTS, 

SHOES, HATS, CAPS, TRUNKS 

and VALISES 



The Leading House of Port Arthur 



WHOLESALE RETAIL 

The Pigeon River Lumber Co, 

Manufacturkks and Dkai.krs in 

B^7riJ Sawed htimbcr. Lath 
and Shingles 

Orders and inquiries respe ctfully solicited. 
PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



The Red Cross Drug Store 

is not as old as the 

^'SLEEPING GIANT^' 

but it has the progressiveness that is born of youth. 

This store makes a specialty of PURE DRUGS, PERFUMES, 
TOILET ARTICLES, etc. Tourists will always find here 
the CHOICEST B0N15ONS for ladies, and the 
best brands of IMPORTED and DOMES- 
TIC CIGARS for gentlemen. 

Remember the Si^n of the Red Cross 

A. L. SMITH, Dispensing Chemist 
PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

LofC. " 





We Clothe men 
from head to foot 

A. McGILLIS 



OUR SPECIAL! 

Shoes to please Women 
and Children 

Cumberland Street, 
PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

78 




ESTABLISHED ... 1871 

W. J. CLARKE 

riescription department personally attended [u 

PORT ARTHUR, O N T. 



Distinction in Millinery 

exists more larj^ely in the artistic use ul tlie 
material than in the material itself. 

We recognize the value of hi.nh-class ma- 
terials and use them, but it is the skilltul 
development of the model that .nives the dis- 
tinction and individuality to our 

T r i ni m c d Hats 

Each one shown, no matter what tliu 
price, is a model of elegance, simplicity and 
good taste. 



M K s. A . M ( ) N r ( ; ( ) i\i k r ^■ 
iHilUurr 

FOR T A R T 1 1 U R , ( ) N T . 




'•'■'Music ixlciids into r<x'i>"s 'ivhithcr laiigiiagi: canuoi fo/Ioio." — Mkni>1''.1.ssu!IN 

Headquarters in ALL CANADA for 

iHaiimt .^ illtsrli 
(ElitrUrriua OSnmri auii ll;triijlit lUiamni 
Unmiutnu Jliaunii :: :: Qnlirrtii aui> Dumiuiim (Driiaus 

AFUSICAL SUIMMJKS OF ALL RINDS 

J. R. TUCRKR gf CO., ■y:,^,'^u^i"^il 



If you are in need of anything in the line of 

Clothing ... Furnishings ... Boots and Shoes 
Hats and Caps 

at a saving of from 15 to 25 per cent, try 

The Port Arthur Clothing Store 

Harrington's old stand. ALWAYS THE CHEAPEST. 



Forde Photo Studio 

For FILMS, PLATES, and all 
kinds of AMATEUR SUPPLIES 

Cumberland St., PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 



F. HILLE 

Mining Engineer, Assayer and Analytical Chemist 

MINES AND MINERAL LANDS 
EXAMINED AND REPORTED ON 

PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

ESTABLISHED 1880 

J. F. RUTTAN ... Real Estate 

Fire and Accident Insurance 
CROWN LANDS AGENT 



North side of Arthur Street, PORT ARTHUR, ONT. 

80 



ELLIOTT & CO. 

Dealers in Soft Drinks 

Bottle?-s ^y^ Mineral Waters, Pop, 
Ginger Ale, Lemon Sour, ete. 

P O R r A R r H U R , ON T . 



THE STORE THAT NEVER DISAPPOINTS 

When you are looking for the best in value and in quality in 

Dress Goods Linings Trimmings 

Prints and Ginghams Flannelettes Cottons 

Carpets Linoleums Curtains and Blinds 

Mattings Rugs and Mats Sheetings 

Pillows and Bedding 

Curtain Poles 

and everything that a First-rate Dry Goods House should have. 

Come straight to us, for we lead in values 

The HKST I'Al'ER I'ATTKKNS ON EARTH, only ten cents each. Dress 
Making on the premises. Letter orders given our best ]5ers.onal attention. 

H. B. DAWSON & CO., Port Arthur, Ont. 



Rutledge & Jackson 

ARE THE LEADING MEN'S OUTFITTERS 

A specialty of I^ijie Tailoring at moderate prices 
Complete lines of women's shoes — '"Qiiccn Quality''' 



LARGE STOCK OF MEN'S SLATER SHOES 
]V c Dress Men from Head to Foot 

Rutledge M Jackson, \\lll^ , on l 



INCORPORATED 167O 

Hudson Bay Co, 

The (heat Leaders of the Great West 



Complete stock of DRY GOODS, CLOTHING, BOOTS 
and SHOES, GROCERIES, CROCKERY and HARD- 
W^ARE always on hand at the very lowest prices. :: :: 



Take home a pair of tlic world-renowned 
HUDSON BAY BLANKETS :: 



HUDSON BAY CO., Simpson Street 

FORT WILLIAM, ONT. 



iFnrt HtUtam iirrrtuni 

Abljot, C". C, Manager of Montreal Bank 

Abbot, W. W., Methodist Church 

Albion Hotel, John Manion, Proprietor 

Algoma Steam I/aundry 

Algoma Livery Stable, A. Mireault, Proprietor 

A. Allen, Mason 

Amos, F., Stone Mason 

Andrews, K. K., Butcher 

Arpin, S. J., Rev. L., Roman Catholic Church 

Avenue Hotel, E. J. Rochon, Proprietor, Victoria Avenue 

Avenue Livery Stables, Harrington & Co. 

ISandin, S. J., Rev. A., Indian Mission 

Bank of Monti eal, Simpson Street and Victoria Avenue 

Bank of Ontario, Victoria Avenue 

Baptist Church, Rev. C. Scott 

Baptist Mission School, Mrs. Shirk 

Bell Telephone Co., Victoria Avenue 

Berdsalj, Dr. W. W., Simpson Street 

Boreham, A. J,, Ticket Agent C. P. R. 

Brown, A. H. & Co., Butchers, Victoria Avenue 

Brown, A. H. (A. H. B. & Co.), Victoria Avenue 

Brown, G. W., Manager, Gordon, Ironsides & Fares 

Burlingham, H. C, Manager, Fort William Journal 

Busheed, F. F., Division Engineer C. P. R. 

Campbell, A., Chief of Police 

Campbell, J. F., Blacksmith 

Campbell, W., Carpenter 

Cameron, A.. Plumber 

Cameron, Superintendent C. P. R. 

Canada Permanent Loan Co., C. W. Jarvis 

Carpenter & Co., Contractors 

Cherry, Thomas, Drayman, near Coal Docks 

Church of England, Rev. E. J. Harper 

Clarke, F. IL, Druggist, Simpson Street 

Cleasby, John, Carpenter 

Collen, IL, Plumber 

Cook, F., Watchmaker 

Cooper, O. H., Commission Agent 

Cooper, Thomas, Machinist 

Cosgrove, G. F., Lighthouse Keeper 

Currie, E. C, General Merchant 

Day, W., Painter, West Fort 

Dodds, W. J., Police Constable 

Dow, Thomas, Merchant 

Dugas, S. J., Rev. A., Indian Mission 

Dunbar, Thomas, Barber, Victoria Avenue 



Edwards, W. IL, Blacksmith, West Fort 

Fairall, W., Watchmaker, Sim])son Street 
Farncombe, A. E., Mining Engineer, \\'est P'ort 
Ferguson, A., Carpenter 

Fluet, 8. J., Rev. A., Roman Catholic Church 
Fort William Hand Laundry, Victoria Avenue 
Fraser, J. H., Barber, Victoria Avenue 
F'raser, W. R., Baker and Confectioner 

Gibbs, F. E., Dominion Grain Inspector 

Gifford, W., Blacksmith 

Gordon, Ironsides & F"ares, Butchers 

Gorman, Mrs. M. T., Windsor Hotel 

Gorrie, A. J., Chief Clerk, Superintendent Railways 

Graham, George, Lumber Merchant 

Graham & Home, Lumber Mills 

Guerard, Queen's Hotel, West Fort 

Hacquoil, G., Butcher 
Hacquoil, H., Pacific Hotel 
Hamilton, B. G., Editor Journal ( )ttice 
Hamilton, R. M., Merchant 
Hanna, W. L., Baker 
Harkness, H., Butcher 
Hartley, George, Broommaker 
Hogarth, W. Butcher 
Hogarth, W. F., Merchant 
Hollingsliead, John, Grain Inspector 
Hudson Bay Stores, Simpson Street 

Jarvis, C. W., Manager, Ray, Street & Co. 
Jarvis, S. J., Bank of Montreal 
Jerome, S. J., Rev. L., Indian Mission 
Jones, S. J., Merchant, Victoria Avenue 
Kaministiquia Hotel, R. Siiiilh, Proprietor 

King, Joseph L., Presbyterian (!hurch 
King & Co., Merchants, Victoria Avenue 

Lanvrgin, S. J., Rev. A., Indian Mission 

Leach, J. E., Photographer 

Lewis, H., Tailor 

Lewis, R., Carpenter 

Livingstone, J., Collector of Customs 

Lyone, A., Fruiter 

Mabee, R. S., Blacksmith 

MacDonald, A., Cooper ' 

84 



Maclnwiight, Grain Merchant 

Manion, John, Albion Hotel 

Manion, P., St. Louis Hotel 

Marlatt, H., Manager" Hudson Kay Stores 

Methodist Church, Rev. W. W. Abbott 

Methodist Church, Rev. W. W. Woolden 

Midway Livery, Manion & Murphy 

Miller, James, (irocer 

Milner, W., Klacksniith 

Merault, A., Livery Stal)lc Keeper 

Mollifan, James, Dairyman 

Morrison & Co., Grocers 

Morris, F. R., Barrister, Victoria Block 

Morton, E. H., Town Secretary and Treasurer 

Morton, John, General Merchant 

Morton, W. L., Solicitor 

McConnell, Thomas, Road Commissioner 

McCauley, T. H., Hell TelejMione Co. 

McCreanor, J., Proprietor (Queen's Hotel 

McClure, I)., Grocer 

McClure & Hurley, .Simpson .Street 

McDonald, A., Blacksmith 

McDonald, James, Baker 

McGrath, John, Blacksmith 

McKellar, John, 189 Front Street 

McKellar, Donald, Mining E.xpert 

McKellar Peter, F. G. S. & F. G. S. A. 

McKibben, H. A., Areated Water Factor 

McLaurin, John, General Merchant 

McLaurin & Dow, General Merchants 

McPhalen, F. J., Landing Waiter 

Newsome, W. H., City Dairy 
Newbegging, James, Painter 
Niblock, W., Pleasure boats for Hire 

Gakley, T. Ed., Harbor Master 

Pacific Hotel, John Hacciuoii Proprietor 

Palling, VV., Carpenter 

Perry, F. C, Lumber Merchant 

Piper, James, Merchant 

Piper, T. M., Merchant 

Piper, R. S., Merchant 

Piper, W. S., Merchant 

Presbyterian Church, Rev. King, West Fort 

Pyette, J., Stone Mason 

Queen's Hotel, R. Geurard, West Fort 

85 



Rankin, W., Carpenter 

Ravieau, James, Blacksmith 

Ray. Street & Co., Bankers, Simpson Street 

Reid, M. T., Millwright 

Rivals, J. S., Barber, Simpson Street 

Robertson & Leadbetter, Painters 

Rochon, A., Carpenter 

Rochon, E. J., Avenue Hotel 

Robin, Miss E., Storekeeper 

Robin, T., Storekeeper 

Romain, A., Stonemason 

Roman Catholic Chtrch, Rev. Father Arpin 

Ross & Strachan, Jewelers 

Rowand, W. S., Presbyterian Church 

Rumsey, W., Baggage Master, Railway Station 

Russell, James A., Saddler 

Russell, P. J., Publisher 

Rutledge, E., Merchant 

Rutledge & Jackson, Merchants 

Rutledge, E. S., Town Clerk 

Sadler, George, Tobacco Store 

Salvation Army, Capt. Dwyer 

Sam Sing, Laundry 

Sanderson, Alex, Butcher 

Scott, Rev. C. E., Baptist Church 

Sherlock, R., Bridge Builder 

Smith, E., Manitoba Hotel 

Smith, E. C, Turner 

Smellie, I)., Surgery 

Smith, John S., Carpenter 

Smith, R., Kaministiquia Hotel Proprietor 

Smith, W. H., Superintendent Water Works 

Snellgrove Bros., Merchants 

Sproule, W., Haker 

Stewartson, C, Drayman 

Stevens, S., Cat Feed Manufacturer 

Siinson, J. C, Contractor 

Symes, F., Deputy Grain Inspector 

Taylor, D., Feed and Grain Merchant 

Taylor, J. W., High School Teacher 

Times, 'I'he Fort William, T. \Y . Rutledge & D. Smith 

Timbers, J. A., Merchant 

Todd & Jones, Painters 

Todd, Frederick, Painter 

Thorns, A., Bill Poster 

Thomas, S., Cut Wood Contractor 

Thompson, .\., Shij) Carpenter 

Thompson, J., Tinsmith 



Tiembley, H., l^ootmaker 

Troutman, R. K., Editor Fort William Times 

Tuick, [.. Etlitor Times 

Tulley, W., Ciaiii Merchant 

Uren, W. J., Train Despatcher 

Wayland, E. R., Grain Merchant 

Wells, J. J., Clerk of the Court 

Western, W^, Stationer 

Whalen, King & Co. 

Whitley, J., Painter 

Wilson, A. H., Teamster 

Wilson, M. C, Clerk in charge of Postoflice 

W^ilson, R., W'ater Works Foreman 

Wilson, W., Lamplighter 

Winn, John, Barber 

Wocker, E., Soda W^ater Factory 

W'right, Thomas, Turner 

Wright, Willam, Blacksmith 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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